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'<span style="font-size:14px;"><img alt="" src="/uploads/allimg/181002/3-1Q002094950107.jpg" /></span><br />
<h2 style="padding: 0px 0px 0px 28px; margin: 0px 0px 0.8em; outline: 0px; zoom: 1; font-size: 19px; font-weight: normal; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); color: rgb(51, 51, 51); box-sizing: border-box; border-width: 0px 0px 2px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(80, 193, 233); font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 30px; font-family: "ヒラギノ角ゴ Pro W3", "Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro", メイリオ, Meiryo, "ＭＳ Ｐゴシック", sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline; position: relative; width: auto;">
<span style="font-size:14px;"><span style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; zoom: 1;"><span style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; zoom: 1;"><font style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; zoom: 1; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: inherit;">專業咖啡知識交流 更多咖啡豆資訊 請關注咖啡工房（微信公衆號cafe_style ）</font></span></span></span></h2>
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<span style="font-size:14px;">“第三波咖啡潮”這個詞出現，本質包含了精品、直接貿易、永續、淺烘焙、創新沖泡法。鑑賞是核心，製造和行銷是背景，透過職人的故事與教育（土質、環境、製程）讓味蕾挑剔的愛好者明白手中的香醇有多特殊，而烘焙家與咖啡館都是重視社羣的獨立小商。</span></div>
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<span style="font-size:14px;">也許你聽過挪威的個人咖啡消費量（年平均9.9公斤）位居全球第2，可是被譽爲北歐咖啡朝聖地的首都奧斯陸，卓越之處並非以量取勝。</span></div>
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<span style="font-size:14px;">“Lonely Planet 孤獨星球”評選世界最極致的淺烘焙果香咖啡在此；CNN指出挪威正在改變人們喝咖啡的型態。此外，以獨特風格吸引倫敦、紐約、洛杉磯、東京、哥本哈根追隨的墨爾本咖啡文化，正藉由設立澳大利亞第一間共用烘焙工作坊 Bureaux Collective 指導獨立咖啡館開發“自家特調”（house blend），其創辦人瓦尼（Tim Varney）就是師承挪威的世界咖啡師冠軍及歐洲最佳烘豆大師溫岱保（Tim Wendelboe）。</span></div>
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<span style="font-size:14px;"><strong>我們不禁好奇：奧斯陸的咖啡文化到底具備哪些實力足以引領世界趨勢？</strong></span></div>
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<span style="font-size:14px;"><strong>第三波咖啡潮的領先者</strong></span></div>
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<span style="font-size:14px;">2002年，“Third Wave Coffee 第三波咖啡潮”這個詞出現，本質包含了精品、直接貿易、永續、淺烘焙、創新沖泡法。鑑賞是核心，製造和行銷是背景，透過職人的故事與教育（土質、環境、製程）讓味蕾挑剔的愛好者明白手中的香醇有多特殊，而烘焙家與咖啡館都是重視社羣的獨立小商。許多人問：精品咖啡等於第三波咖啡潮嗎？簡單講不是。</span></div>
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<span style="font-size:14px;">第三波咖啡潮是一種體驗經濟，供應的是精品咖啡。當其他城市的業者纔剛踏上第三波，挪威的咖啡文化早已奠基在這種本質上發展多年。1998年第一任歐洲精品咖啡協會（精品咖啡協會的前身）的主席是挪威人卡拉馬（Alf Kramer），制定了“世界咖啡師大賽”的模式與流程。創業於1895年的Stockfleth’s 是挪威的咖啡巨人，培育出許多世界級與國家級的冠軍，幕後的主人之ㄧ是挪威最大的烘焙廠Solberg&Hansen，深諳季節性和直接貿易是百年來的品味驕傲。2015——2017連續榮獲挪威最佳烘豆坊的Time Wendelboe（溫岱保同名咖啡館兼烘焙學坊），成功教育顧客自己煮咖啡，排隊買豆子的人比喝咖啡的多。</span></div>
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<span style="font-size:14px;">挪威的咖啡事業成功之路，大多從批發精品咖啡豆多年後才走到店面，顯示出民衆最在乎的是咖啡豆的品質而不是店內享受。高手雲集、經驗豐富、社羣交流緊密等優勢，使挪威順理成章站在第三波咖啡潮的最前端。</span></div>
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<span style="font-size:14px;"><strong>世界在追的挪威咖啡特色</strong></span></div>
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<span style="font-size:14px;">挪威人用語言強烈表達出他們每天都需要咖啡，想喝就說有“Kaffetørst 咖啡渴感”，而喝咖啡就要喝淺烘焙的。這項傳統可追溯到1861年學者兼咖啡達人亞柏容森（Peter Christen Asbjørnsen）發表的論述——“不超過160度C烘焙至淡褐色，散發出強烈卻細緻、典型純粹的香郁”。</span></div>
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<span style="font-size:14px;">157年來，挪威人堅持的滋味與第三波咖啡潮產生共鳴，讓熟悉義式深度烘焙、加奶咖啡的人士，不得不回過頭來向他們取經。淺烘焙適合單一品種，能將豆子裏的果香和獨特韻味完全釋放，過多的烘焙反而會掩蓋細膩的味覺層次，享用微涼的純黑咖啡最能品嚐到隱藏的甜味。</span></div>
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<span style="font-size:14px;">這種烘焙法的另一個好處是辨別原豆的瑕疵，老豆會有木頭味，劣豆會苦。無數實驗與歲月留下來的是精準記錄的烘焙曲線（roast profile，製程中溫度調配的數據），說是挪威烘焙豆的血統也不爲過。挪威咖啡文化的另一特色是樸實的衝煮技法，愛樂壓、法式濾壓壺、手衝咖啡（pour over）、滴漏式、冰滴式等，再次證明消費者偏愛透過手的技能沖泡出來的原味，保留了季節性、地方性、豆子個性。</span></div>
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<span style="font-size:14px;"><strong>米其林三星餐廳的創新咖啡</strong></span></div>
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<span style="font-size:14px;">溫岱保烘焙的咖啡豆不僅受到社區居民的愛戴，也是世界最棒的餐廳“Noma”以及奧斯陸米其林三星“Maaemo 大地之母”御用的品牌。呈現自然、食材、北歐文化合一的Maaemo，爲客人端上的是“turkaffe 登山咖啡”，挪威最古老的傳統喝法之一。在客人面前擺出本生燈，四周圍以新鮮的雲杉枝葉，鐵壺裏翻滾的熱水、火焰的聲響，引人回想坐在深山營火前等待一杯咖啡的安靜。水沸火止，放入粗磨咖啡粉攪拌，浸泡幾分鐘後，就能享有浮著油脂、飽滿、純淨的咖啡。既是創新，也是返樸歸真。</span></div>
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<span style="font-size:14px;">已有達人預言未來會有第四波咖啡潮，趨向葡萄酒的世界一樣發展，侍咖啡師會出現，類似《神之雫》的故事也可能在咖啡世界裏發生。奧斯陸就像北歐設計——低調精煉，無論有多少輝煌歷史、冠軍寶座、烘焙血統或創新，一直以踏實、共享的方式，照顧著每個居民的咖啡日常。這纔是一種咖啡文化得以延續的根本力量。</span></div>
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<span style="font-size:14px;">歷史小補充： 第一波咖啡潮發生於1960年代，爲消費者便利進行普及化，麥斯威爾、雀巢等品牌將即溶咖啡帶入居家。1971年星巴克以開拓者之姿帶動連鎖模式的崛起，帶入第二波咖啡潮，用單品、產地、多樣風味來行銷奢華體驗，把喝咖啡打造成一種社交活動。</span></div>
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